Atmosphere  - the layer of gases hundreds of kilometres thick that surrounds the Earth

Chemical change - During a chemical change, one or more new substance(s) is / are formed.

Chemical property - the property of a substance that describes its ability to form new substances

Composition - the parts that form a substance

Compound - a substance composed of two or more elements chemically joined together

Earth - the planet on which we live

Element - a substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical methods

Fractional distillation - the separation of a liquid mixture into its component parts by distillation

Fractionating column  - fractional distillation is carried out in a fractionating column

Glowing splint - a lighted wooden splint with the flame blown out, leaving the tip of the splint reddish and glowing

Matter - anything which has a mass and occupies space

Mixture - a mixture consists of two or more pure substances which have not been chemically joined together

Noble gas - a chemically inert gaseous element belonging to the same group (Group 0) as helium in the periodic table; noble gases in the air include argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon

Oxygen - a colourless gas that forms about 21% by volume of the air and which is needed by humans, animals and plants to live

Physical change - During a physical change, no new substance is formed

Physical change - During a physical change, no new substance is formed

Physical property - the property of a substance that can be measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance

Pure substance - a single substance that has nothing else mixed with it

Sublimation - the process which a substance changes from a solid to a vapour without passing through the liquid state