Anti-bumping granule - small, irregularly shaped stones added to liquids to make them boil more evenly
Chloride - a compound made up of chlorine
Cobalt(II) chloride paper - cobalt(II) chloride paper can be used to test for the presence of water in a sample; water turns blue cobalt(II) chloride paper pink
Concentrated solution - contains a large amount of solute in a given volume of solution
Concentration - the mass of a solute dissolved in a certain volume of solution
Condenser - a piece of apparatus which cools the vapour into a liquid
Crystal - a solid which has a regular atomic structure
Crystallization - the process of forming crystals
Decantation - the process of gently pouring off the liquid from a liquid-solid mixture
Dilute solution - contains a small amount of solute in a given volume of solution
Dissolve - the process of becoming a liquid from a solid
Distillate - a purified liquid obtained by distillation
Distillation - the process of evaporating a liquid and subsequently condensing the vapour
Electrolysis - a process to break down a compound into simpler substances by passing an electric current through a solution
Evaporation - the process which a substance changes from a liquid to a vapour at a temperature below its boiling point
Filtrate - the substances that pass through the filter paper during filtration
Filtration - the process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid with the aid of a filter paper
Flame test - a procedure used to detect the presence of certain metallic element in a compound
Insoluble - describes substances that cannot be dissolved in a solvent
Negative electrode - the electrode in a set-up for electrolysis that connects to the negative terminal of the d.c. supply
Positive electrode - the electrode in a set-up for electrolysis that connects to the positive terminal of the d.c. supply
Precipitate - a solid substance which is produced from a liquid during a chemical process
Residue - the substances that remain on the filter paper during filtration
Saturated solution - a solution that has dissolved the most solute it can at a given temperature
Soluble - describes substances that can be dissolved in a solvent
Solute - the substance that dissolves
Solution - when one substance dissolves in another, a solution forms
Solvent - the substance that does the dissolving