Acid rain - acidic rain water that can cause harmful effect to the environment

Aliphatic hydrocarbon - hydrocarbons that do not contain a benzene ring

Alkane - hydrocarbons that are only linear or branched aliphatic  and do not contain double bond or triple bond

Aromatic hydrocarbon - hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring

Benzene - a hydrocarbon that contains a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating double and single bonds and six attached hydrogen atoms

Bitumen - fraction that is stickly, black and highly viscous liquid

Catalytic coverter - device that is used to control the emission of air pollutants emitted from car engine

Coal - a kind of combustible black / dark brown solid

Cycloalkane - hydrocarbons that are cyclic and do not contain double bond or triple bond

Desulphurization system - device that is used to remove sulphur dioxide emitted from power plants

Diesel oil - fraction that contains liquid fuel used in diesel engines

Endothermic reaction - a reaction in which heat is taken in

Exothermic reaction - a reaction in which heat is released

Fossil fuel - formed from the remains of plants and animals

Fraction - mixtures of hydrocarbons with boiling points within certain ranges

Fractional distillation - a process that separates mixture of hydrocarbons with different boiling points into groups 

Fuel oil - fraction that is burnt for the generation of heat

Greenhouse effect - the phenomenon that some of the infrared energy (heat) being trapped by greenhouse gases which act like the glass of a greenhouse, causing the Earth to become warmer

Greenhouse gas - gases that can trap infrared energy coming from the sun such as carbon dioxide and water vapour

Hydrocarbon - compounds that contain only atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Incinerator - facility that is used to burn trash and othher waste until it is reduced to ash

Infrared radiation - invisible electromagnetic wave that has longer wavelength than visible light

Kerosene - fraction that contains combustible liquid used as fuels in jet engines

Lubricating oil - fraction that is used to reduce friction between moving surface

Naphtha - fraction that contains the lightest and most volatile fractions of liquid hydrocarbons

Natural gas - a mixture of combustible gases

Particulate removal device - device that is used to remove particulates

Petrochemical - compounds produced from petroleum or natural gas

Petrochemical industry - industry that produce compounds from petroleum or natural gas

Petrol - fraction that contains transparent liquid used as fuels in engines

Petroleum - a mixture of hydrocarbons which is a dark, sticky liquid and difficult to burn

Photochemical smog - formed from the reaction between sunlight and oxides of nitrogen that is a type of air pollutant

Polymer - compounds that consist of very large molecules formed by joining together many small molecules repeatedly

Refinery gas - fraction that contains mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuels

Respirable suspended particulate - suspended particulates that are too small to be filtered by airs in the nose

Scrubber - device that is used to remove particulates or other gases emitted from industrial exhaust stream

Suspended particulate - incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces dark smoke that contains mainly carbon particles 

Viscosity - measure of the resistance of liquid to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile strength

Volatile organic compound - unburnt hydrocarbons that are easily evaporated

Wax - fraction that is a white or colourless soft solid